Cov roj hmab khoom ua haujlwm yog lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam niaj hnub thiab lub neej txhua hnub. Los ntawm cov log tsheb hauv tsheb, cov khoom roj hmab tau siv dav vim lawv elasticity zoo heev thiab hnav tsis kam. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum siv, roj hmab cov khoom cuam tshuam los ntawm ntau qhov chaw ib puag ncig thiab maj yog muaj hnub nyoog, yog li cuam tshuam lawv cov kev ua tau zoo thiab kev ua neej. Kab lus no yuav delve rau hauv cov laj thawj, kev paub, thiab kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv zoo ntawm cov roj hmab muaj kev laus.
1. Kev tshwm sim ntawm cov roj hmab laus
Cov roj hmab aging manifests hauv ntau txoj kev, tshwj xeeb raws li hauv qab no:
Ntaw tawg: raws li kev txiav txim ntawm ozone thiab kev ntxhov siab ntawm txhua yam, cov kab nrib zoo yuav tshwm sim ntawm cov npoo roj hmab, ib qho kev tshwm sim hauv cov log tsheb thiab ntsaws ruaj ruaj.
Hardening thiab brittleness: vim yog cov ntsiab lus xws li thermal oxidation, maj mam tawv me, thiab thaum kawg ua rau nkev thiab nquag ua txhaum.
Txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv: Kev tsom xam cov xim thiab oxidation ua rau cov xim roj hmab los hloov, xws li roj hmab dub tig grey lossis xim av.
Poob ntawm elasticity: thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, roj hmab poob nws thawj elasticity, ua lub zog, thiab tsis tuaj yeem rov qab rau nws lub xeev qub.
Adhesion thiab kev sib cais: nyob rau qee thaj chaw, cov khoom siv roj hmab yuav nplaum thiab txawm yaj thaum sib cuag nrog cov tshuaj tawm tshwj xeeb.
Volate Hloov: Roj hmab yuav nthuav lossis cog lus hauv ntim thaum lub sijhawm laus, cuam tshuam rau nws qhov tseeb raug thiab muaj nuj nqi.
2. Ua rau roj hmab cov khoom siv roj hmab
Roj Hmab Laus yog hais txog cov txheej txheem uas cov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom siv roj hmab maj mam poob qis hauv lub cev lossis tshuaj lom neeg. Cov laj thawj ua rau kev laus yog ntau yam thiab ntau yam, feem ntau suav nrog cov hauv qab no:
Thermal Kev Laus: Cov Khoom Siv Roj Hmab yuav ua kom cov txheej txheem laus hauv kev kub-ib puag ncig. Kev sim siab muaj peev xwm ua rau cov decomposition siab, hla kev sib txua, lossis oxidation ntawm cov roj hmab molecules, ua kom cov khoom tawv tawv tawv, ua kom tsw qab zib, thiab tawg.
OXIDATION Kev laus: Roj hmab reacts raws kev siv oxygen nyob rau hauv huab cua los ua peroxides, ua rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv saw lossis sib txuas. OXIDATION kev laus feem ntau yog manifested raws li nto discoloration thiab poob ntawm elasticity ntawm roj hmab.
Ozone Kev laus: Ozone yog cov xas ntawm oxygen nrog cov kev ua si siab, uas ua rau tawg ntawm cov npoo roj hmab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum nyob hauv lub xeev ncab.
Kev yees duab: ultraviolet rays yog qhov tseem ceeb ua rau kev ua kev soj ntsuam. Ob daim ntawv cog lus ob zaug hauv roj hmab zoo li qub rau rootchemical cov kev tawm tsam nyob rau hauv ultraviolet iradiation, kev ua dawb radicals, uas nyeg ua rau muaj kev mob siab.
Hydrolytic laus: nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig lim dej, hauv ib puag ncig dej yuav nkag mus rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv roj hmab, coj los hloov pauv hauv lawv cov qauv hauv lawv sab hauv. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv acidic thiab alkaline cov xwm txheej, cov kev siv tshuaj tiv thaiv hydrolysis yuav tsum ua kom muaj zog.
Mechanical kev laus kev laus: kev ntxhov siab ntev ntev (muaj kev ntxhov siab ntev, khoov, khoov thiab tawg ntawm kev laus roj hmab molecular, yog li nrawm nrawm kev laus.
Tshuaj Nruab Nrab Hluav Taws Xob: qee yam tshuaj (xws li roj, kua qaub, thiab alkalis) yuav hnov cov khoom siv molecular thiab ua rau cov khoom tawv thiab sawv cev.
3. Qhov xwm txheej cuam tshuam rau cov roj hmab laus
Qhov ntsuas kub ib puag ncig: muaj kev kub ntxhov siab yuav ua kom muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo li cov roj hmab, thaum lub sijhawm kub tsawg tuaj yeem ua rau tawv ntoo.
Ib puag ncig cov av noo: ib puag ncig muaj kev pheej hmoo ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov kev pheej hmoo ntawm hydrolytic laus, thaum ib puag ncig qhuav pab ncua kev laus.
Ozone concentration: Ntau dua ozone concentration, lub nrawm dua cov roj hmab hnub nyoog, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig sab nraum zoov.
Lub teeb siv: kev siv ntawm ultraviolet rays ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau kev ua kom ceev ntawm cov chaw ua si hnub nyoog qis dua li cov sab hauv.
Mechanical kev nyuaj siab: Rov ua dua cov neeg kho tshuab kev ntxhov siab yuav ua rau cov qauv roj hmab molecular thiab nrawm nrawm.
Tshuaj lom neeg ib puag ncig: cov khoom siv roj hmab hauv kev chwv nrog cov kua qaub, hauv paus, roj, lossis cov kuab tshuaj feem ntau muaj hnub nyoog sai dua.
4. Kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv cov roj hmab kev laus
Ntxiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob: antioxidants tuaj yeem ntes dawb radicals thiab inhibit qhov tshwm sim ntawm oxidation cov kev tshwm sim, ib qho tseem ceeb txhais tau los tiv thaiv cov roj hmab laus. Feem ntau siv tshuaj antioxidants suav nrog phenols, amines, thiab lwm yam.
Siv cov neeg sawv cev anti-anti-the anti-lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov neeg sawv cev laus yog txhawm rau tiv thaiv ozone kev laus thiab kev ua ntaub ntawv. Cov neeg sawv cev sib txawv xws li cov quav yeeb yaj kiab, benzoates, thiab lwm yam.
Ua kom zoo rau cov qauv: Los ntawm kev tsim nyog siv cov roj hmab uas tsim nyog, cov laus, thiab cov tub rog uas tsim nyog los ntawm cov roj hmab tuaj yeem txhim kho.
Kev tiv thaiv lub cev: Txheej ib txheej tiv thaiv, xws li paraffin ciab lossis hlau oxide txheej, ntawm cov hlau roj hmab los yog thaiv cov pa roj oxygen, ozone, thiab ultraviolet rays.
Tswj ib puag ncig: thaum khaws cia thiab siv cov khoom lag luam roj hmab, ib puag ncig muaj zog kom ntau li ntau tau, thiab cov chaw noo kom muaj zog lossis huab cua ib puag ncig yuav tsum zam.
Zam kev ncua sij hawm kev ntxhov siab: Hauv kev tsim thiab siv cov khoom roj hmab, lawv yuav tsum tau zam ntawm kev ua kom muaj kev cuam tshuam ntev los txo qhov kev ntxhov siab ntawm kev laus.
Xaiv cov khoom siv roj hmab uas tsim nyog: cov roj hmab sib txawv muaj qhov sib txawv hauv kev laus hauv kev tiv thaiv. Piv txwv li, kev laus tiv taus fluororubber thiab silicone roj hmab zoo dua li ntawm cov roj hmab ntuj. Yog li ntawd, hauv cov ntawv thov uas yuav tsum muaj cov ntaub ntawv siab ntev, cov ntaub ntawv nrog kev tiv thaiv zoo dua yuav tsum tau xaiv.
Cov laus ntawm cov khoom siv roj hmab yog ib qho kev tsis paub txog cov txheej txheem, tab sis los ntawm kev tiv thaiv kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv muaj peev xwm ncua thiab lub neej pabcuam tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv. Nyob rau hauv yav tom ntej kev tshawb fawb thiab kev siv, tshiab los tiv thaiv cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev tiv thaiv tshiab yuav tsum tau tshawb los muab cov khoom lag luam zoo rau kev siv roj hmab ntev ntev.
